Commonly used P&ID symbols (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram symbols) for instrument signals. Note that they may differ slightly from one project to another.
| Process Connection |  {adinserter 1} |
| Electric signal |  |
| Capillary connection |  |
| Software signal |  {adinserter 1} |
| Mechanical link |  |
| Hydraulic signal |  |
| Pneumatic signal |  {adinserter 1} |
| Electric binary signal |  |
| Pneumatic binary signal |  |
As the name suggests, the pressure profile in atmospheric distillation unit is close to the atmospheric pressure with highest pressure at the bottom stage...
This enables assessment of the adequacy of the fire prevention, fire protection and fire fighting measures.
A Safety Review can be conducted in parallel...
API gravity = 141.5 X (density of water at 600F/ density of oil at 600F ) - 131.5
or
API gravity = (141.5 / specific gravity of oil at 600F) ...
Depending on the measurement techniques, there are following different types of octane numbers defined,
Research Octane Number (RON) is most commonly used...
